Ginkgo Extract with chief components being flavonoids 24% (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin or tamarixetin) and terpenoids 6% (ginkgolides and bilobalide specific to the Ginkgo tree) improves cognitive function and may even help regulate inflammatory responses. (1) In addition, when examining the effects of 240-mg of the same Ginkgo Biloba extract daily on task-set-switching, response-inhibition, delayed response, prospective-memory, task-related fMRI-BOLD-signals and the Trier Social Stress-Test in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot-trial in 61 elderly volunteers with subjective memory impairment, the results showed indications for improved cognitive flexibility without changes in brain activation, suggesting increased processing efficiency. (2) In females this 24/6 Ginkgo Biloba extract improved aspects of executive functioning when evaluated during Stroop and Berg tasks. (3) Citing a separate study on Ginkgo Biloba using a western blot analysis, the expression of anti-doublecortin protein in the Ginkgo Biloba group was significantly increased compared to the control. The results support a beneficial role of Ginkgo Biloba on hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of brain aging.
1 [Exp Gerontol. 2016 May 22;81:92-100. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.007.
[Ginkgo Biloba Extract with chief components being flavonoids 24% (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin or tamarixetin) and terpenoids 6% (ginkgolides and bilobalide specific to the Ginkgo tree)] improves cognitive function and regulates inflammatory responses in the APP/PS1 mouse.
Wan W, Zhang C, Danielsen M, Li Q, Chen W, Chan Y, Li Y.]
2 [Hum Psychopharmacol. 2016 May;31(3):227-42. doi: 10.1002/hup.2534.
Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on cognitive control functions, mental activity of the prefrontal cortex and stress reactivity in elderly adults with subjective memory impairment – a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Beck SM, Ruge H, Schindler C, Burkart M, Miller R, Kirschbaum C, Goschke T.]
3 [PLoS One. 2016 Mar 3;11(3):e0150447. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150447. eCollection 2016.
Ginseng and Ginkgo Biloba Effects on Cognition as Modulated by Cardiovascular Reactivity: A Randomised Trial.
Ong Lai Teik D, Lee XS, Lim CJ, Low CM, Muslima M, Aquili L.]
4 [Anat Sci Int. 2016 Jun;91(3):280-9. doi: 10.1007/s12565-015-0297-7. Epub 2015 Aug 22. Effects of Ginko biloba leaf extract on the neurogenesis of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the elderly mice. Osman NM, Amer AS, Abdelwahab S.]
More studies:
Brinkley TE, Lovato JF, Arnold AM, et al. Effect of Ginkgo biloba on blood pressure and incidence of hypertension in elderly men and women. American Journal of Hypertension. 2010;23(5):528–533.
DeKosky ST, Williamson JD, Fitzpatrick AL, et al. Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2008;300(19):2253–2262.
Ginkgo. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at www.naturaldatabase.com on August 20, 2009.
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at www.naturalstandard.com on August 20, 2009.
Ginkgo biloba leaf extract. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckman J, eds. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:359–366.
Snitz BE, O’Meara ES, Carlson MC, et al. Ginkgo biloba for preventing cognitive decline in older adults: a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2009;302(24):2663–2670.
Solomon PR, Adams F, Silver A, et al. Ginkgo for memory enhancement: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002;288(7):835–840.
Strømgaard K, Vogensen SB, Nakanishi K. Ginkgo biloba. In: Coates P, Blackman M, Cragg G, et al., eds. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2005:249–257.
National Toxicology Program. NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Ginkgo biloba extract (CAS No. 90045–36–6) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (gavage studies) (4.3MB PDF). Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program; 2013. NIH Publication No. 13–5920.
†These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This Product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
